Thyroid Nodules - Causes
  It is not clear what causes thyroid nodules. However, it thought that certain thyroid cells in a localized site of the thyroid gland grow and divide faster than normal thyroid cells. When this occurs in several sites at the same time, multiple nodules appear, and the condition is referred to as a multinodular goiter.

There is an increased incidence of thyroid nodules in patients who have been exposed to radiation. If you received radiation treatments as a child for conditions, such as acne, tonsillitis, or an enlarged thymus gland, you are at an increased risk of developing thyroid nodules. Furthermore, these nodules are more likely to be cancerous than nodules found in patients who did not receive such treatments. Similarly, if you have received radiation therapy to the head, neck, and chest area for cancer, such as Hodgkin's disease, you are at a greater risk of developing thyroid nodules.