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- PEI therapy should not be used when the
nature of the nodule is not defined; in other
words, when cytological
examination is not
performed or is inconclusive.
PEI is contraindicated
when malignancy
is suspected at
cytological examination.
- Pre-toxic or toxic adenoma
larger than 3 cm
in diameter (or volume
> 20 ml), since the
amount of ethanol necessary
to achieve complete
nodular necrosis
would require a high number of injections.
- Toxic or non-toxic multinodular goiter.
- Posteriorly located nodules, which may be
difficult to be injected.
- Nodules without an intact and complete
capsule.
- Diffuse goiter.
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