Recently Published Editions: No. 1 - 2000

Thyroid disease, menstrual function and fertiliy Gerasimos E. Krassas, M.D. Associate Professor of Medicine and Head of the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Panagia Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece "The relation of the thyroid to the sex glands was known to the ancients in its crudest external manifestations - the thyroid enlargement with menstruation, puberty, pregnancy and menopause. This relationship has passed down to our time with no proved additions to our knowledge concerning it." D. Marine All forms of thyroid disease are four to five times more common in females than in males. Why the thyroid should more frequently be abnormal in women and also prepubertal females is not clear. Thyroid disease not only occurs more commonly in women, but also interferes with the physiology of reproduction. Both hyper- and hypothyroidism have significant effects on estrogen metabolism. Hyperthryoidism Hypothryoidism Goiter and Menstruation Summary References Authors