| Changes in thyroid hormone status influence cardiac action by 3 different routes: a) thyroid hormone (T3) exerts a direct effect on cardiac myocytes by binding to nuclear T3 receptors influencing cardiac gene expression, b) T3 increases the sensitivity of the sympathetic system in the H heart, and c) T3 leads to hemodynamic alterations in the periphery which results in increased cardiac filling and modification of cardiac contraction (5). |
